"""
============
Radar Charts
============
* ``mplsoccer``, ``radar_chart`` module helps one to plot radar charts in a few lines of code.
* The radar-chart inspiration is `StatsBomb `_
and `Rami Moghadam `_
* Here we will show some examples of how to use ``mplsoccer`` to plot radar charts.
We have re-written the `Soccerplots `_ Radar module
to enable greater customisation of the Radar. You can now set the edge color, decide the number of
concentric circles, and use hatching or path_effects.
"""
from mplsoccer import Radar, FontManager, grid
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
##############################################################################
# Setting the Radar Boundaries
# ----------------------------
# One of the most important decisions with Radars is setting the Radar's boundaries.
# StatsBomb popularised the use of Radars for showing player statistics. I recommend checking out
# `understanding football radars for mugs and muggles
# `_.
# StatsBomb's rule of thumb is: "Radar boundaries represent the top 5% and bottom 5%
# of all statistical production by players in that position."
# parameter names of the statistics we want to show
params = ["npxG", "Non-Penalty Goals", "xA", "Key Passes", "Through Balls",
"Progressive Passes", "Shot-Creating Actions", "Goal-Creating Actions",
"Dribbles Completed", "Pressure Regains", "Touches In Box", "Miscontrol"]
# The lower and upper boundaries for the statistics
low = [0.08, 0.0, 0.1, 1, 0.6, 4, 3, 0.3, 0.3, 2.0, 2, 0]
high = [0.37, 0.6, 0.6, 4, 1.2, 10, 8, 1.3, 1.5, 5.5, 5, 5]
# Add anything to this list where having a lower number is better
# this flips the statistic
lower_is_better = ['Miscontrol']
##############################################################################
# Instantiate the Radar Class
# ---------------------------
# We will instantiate a ``Radar`` object with the above parameters so that we can re-use it
# several times.
radar = Radar(params, low, high,
lower_is_better=lower_is_better,
# whether to round any of the labels to integers instead of decimal places
round_int=[False]*len(params),
num_rings=4, # the number of concentric circles (excluding center circle)
# if the ring_width is more than the center_circle_radius then
# the center circle radius will be wider than the width of the concentric circles
ring_width=1, center_circle_radius=1)
##############################################################################
# Load some fonts
# ---------------
# We will use mplsoccer's ``FontManager`` to load some fonts from Google Fonts.
# We borrowed the FontManager from the excellent
# `ridge_map library `_.
URL1 = ('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/googlefonts/SourceSerifProGFVersion/main/fonts/'
'SourceSerifPro-Regular.ttf')
serif_regular = FontManager(URL1)
URL2 = ('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/googlefonts/SourceSerifProGFVersion/main/fonts/'
'SourceSerifPro-ExtraLight.ttf')
serif_extra_light = FontManager(URL2)
URL3 = ('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/fonts/main/ofl/rubikmonoone/'
'RubikMonoOne-Regular.ttf')
rubik_regular = FontManager(URL3)
URL4 = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/googlefonts/roboto/main/src/hinted/Roboto-Thin.ttf'
robotto_thin = FontManager(URL4)
URL5 = ('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/fonts/main/apache/robotoslab/'
'RobotoSlab%5Bwght%5D.ttf')
robotto_bold = FontManager(URL5)
##############################################################################
# Player Values
# -------------
# Here are the player values we are going to plot. The values are taken
# from the excellent `fbref `_ website (supplied by StatsBomb).
bruno_values = [0.22, 0.25, 0.30, 2.54, 0.43, 5.60, 4.34, 0.29, 0.69, 5.14, 4.97, 1.10]
bruyne_values = [0.25, 0.52, 0.37, 3.59, 0.41, 6.36, 5.68, 0.57, 1.23, 4.00, 4.54, 1.39]
erikson_values = [0.13, 0.10, 0.35, 3.08, 0.29, 6.23, 5.08, 0.43, 0.67, 3.07, 1.34, 1.06]
##############################################################################
# Making a Simple Radar Chart
# ---------------------------
# Here we will make a very simple radar chart using the ``radar_chart`` module.
# We will only change the default face and edge colors.
fig, ax = radar.setup_axis() # format axis as a radar
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=ax, facecolor='#ffb2b2', edgecolor='#fc5f5f') # draw circles
radar_output = radar.draw_radar(bruno_values, ax=ax,
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#aa65b2'},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': '#66d8ba'}) # draw the radar
radar_poly, rings_outer, vertices = radar_output
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop) # draw the range labels
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop) # draw the param labels
##############################################################################
# Adding lines from the center to the edge
# ----------------------------------------
# Here we add spokes from the radar center to the edge using ``Radar.spoke``.
fig, ax = radar.setup_axis() # format axis as a radar
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=ax, facecolor='#ffb2b2', edgecolor='#fc5f5f') # draw circles
radar_output = radar.draw_radar(bruno_values, ax=ax,
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#aa65b2'},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': '#66d8ba'}) # draw the radar
radar_poly, rings_outer, vertices = radar_output
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=15, zorder=2.5,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop) # draw the range labels
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop) # draw the param labels
lines = radar.spoke(ax=ax, color='#a6a4a1', linestyle='--', zorder=2)
##############################################################################
# Making a Simple Comparison
# --------------------------
# Here we plot two players on the same axes to compare players.
# plot radar
fig, ax = radar.setup_axis()
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=ax, facecolor='#ffb2b2', edgecolor='#fc5f5f')
radar_output = radar.draw_radar_compare(bruno_values, bruyne_values, ax=ax,
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#00f2c1', 'alpha': 0.6},
kwargs_compare={'facecolor': '#d80499', 'alpha': 0.6})
radar_poly, radar_poly2, vertices1, vertices2 = radar_output
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
##############################################################################
# Comparing three or more players
# -------------------------------
# Here we demonstrate comparing three players on the same chart. It's possible to
# add as many as you want by stacking ``Radar.draw_radar_solid``
# plot radar
fig, ax = radar.setup_axis()
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=ax, facecolor='#ffb2b2', edgecolor='#fc5f5f')
radar1, vertices1 = radar.draw_radar_solid(bruno_values, ax=ax,
kwargs={'facecolor': '#aa65b2',
'alpha': 0.6,
'edgecolor': '#216352',
'lw': 3})
radar2, vertices2 = radar.draw_radar_solid(bruyne_values, ax=ax,
kwargs={'facecolor': '#66d8ba',
'alpha': 0.6,
'edgecolor': '#216352',
'lw': 3})
radar3, vertices3 = radar.draw_radar_solid(erikson_values, ax=ax,
kwargs={'facecolor': '#697cd4',
'alpha': 0.6,
'edgecolor': '#222b54',
'lw': 3})
ax.scatter(vertices1[:, 0], vertices1[:, 1],
c='#aa65b2', edgecolors='#502a54', marker='o', s=150, zorder=2)
ax.scatter(vertices2[:, 0], vertices2[:, 1],
c='#66d8ba', edgecolors='#216352', marker='o', s=150, zorder=2)
ax.scatter(vertices3[:, 0], vertices3[:, 1],
c='#697cd4', edgecolors='#222b54', marker='o', s=150, zorder=2)
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=25, fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=ax, fontsize=25, fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
##############################################################################
# Making a Clean Radar
# --------------------
# Here we exclude the label lines from the plot.
fig, ax = radar.setup_axis() # format axis as a radar
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=ax, facecolor='#ffb2b2', edgecolor='#fc5f5f') # draw circles
radar_output = radar.draw_radar(bruno_values, ax=ax,
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#aa65b2'},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': '#66d8ba'}) # draw the radar
radar_poly, rings_outer, vertices = radar_output
##############################################################################
# Adding a title and endnote
# --------------------------
# Here we will add an endnote and title to the Radar. We will use the grid function to create
# the figure and pass the axs['radar'] axes to the Radar's methods.
# creating the figure using the grid function from mplsoccer:
fig, axs = grid(figheight=14, grid_height=0.915, title_height=0.06, endnote_height=0.025,
title_space=0, endnote_space=0, grid_key='radar', axis=False)
# plot the radar
radar.setup_axis(ax=axs['radar'])
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='#ffb2b2', edgecolor='#fc5f5f')
radar_output = radar.draw_radar(bruno_values, ax=axs['radar'],
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#aa65b2'},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': '#66d8ba'})
radar_poly, rings_outer, vertices = radar_output
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
# adding the endnote and title text (these axes range from 0-1, i.e. 0, 0 is the bottom left)
# Note we are slightly offsetting the text from the edges by 0.01 (1%, e.g. 0.99)
endnote_text = axs['endnote'].text(0.99, 0.5, 'Inspired By: StatsBomb / Rami Moghadam', fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop, ha='right', va='center')
title1_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.65, 'Bruno Fernandes', fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop, ha='left', va='center')
title2_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.25, 'Manchester United', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop,
ha='left', va='center', color='#B6282F')
title3_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.65, 'Radar Chart', fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop, ha='right', va='center')
title4_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.25, 'Midfielder', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop,
ha='right', va='center', color='#B6282F')
# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_path = 'gallery/radar/images/sphx_glr_plot_radar_004.png'
##############################################################################
# Comparison Radar with Titles
# ----------------------------
# Here we will make a very simple radar chart using ``mplsoccer`` module ``radar_chart``.
# We will only change the default facecolors.
# creating the figure using the grid function from mplsoccer:
fig, axs = grid(figheight=14, grid_height=0.915, title_height=0.06, endnote_height=0.025,
title_space=0, endnote_space=0, grid_key='radar', axis=False)
# plot radar
radar.setup_axis(ax=axs['radar']) # format axis as a radar
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='#ffb2b2', edgecolor='#fc5f5f')
radar_output = radar.draw_radar_compare(bruno_values, bruyne_values, ax=axs['radar'],
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#00f2c1', 'alpha': 0.6},
kwargs_compare={'facecolor': '#d80499', 'alpha': 0.6})
radar_poly, radar_poly2, vertices1, vertices2 = radar_output
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
axs['radar'].scatter(vertices1[:, 0], vertices1[:, 1],
c='#00f2c1', edgecolors='#6d6c6d', marker='o', s=150, zorder=2)
axs['radar'].scatter(vertices2[:, 0], vertices2[:, 1],
c='#d80499', edgecolors='#6d6c6d', marker='o', s=150, zorder=2)
# adding the endnote and title text (these axes range from 0-1, i.e. 0, 0 is the bottom left)
# Note we are slightly offsetting the text from the edges by 0.01 (1%, e.g. 0.99)
endnote_text = axs['endnote'].text(0.99, 0.5, 'Inspired By: StatsBomb / Rami Moghadam', fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop, ha='right', va='center')
title1_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.65, 'Bruno Fernandes', fontsize=25, color='#01c49d',
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop, ha='left', va='center')
title2_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.25, 'Manchester United', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop,
ha='left', va='center', color='#01c49d')
title3_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.65, 'Kevin De Bruyne', fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop,
ha='right', va='center', color='#d80499')
title4_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.25, 'Manchester City', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop,
ha='right', va='center', color='#d80499')
##############################################################################
# Dark Theme
# ----------
# creating the figure using the grid function from mplsoccer:
fig, axs = grid(figheight=14, grid_height=0.915, title_height=0.06, endnote_height=0.025,
title_space=0, endnote_space=0, grid_key='radar', axis=False)
# plot the radar
radar.setup_axis(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='None')
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='#28252c', edgecolor='#39353f', lw=1.5)
radar_output = radar.draw_radar(bruno_values, ax=axs['radar'],
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#d0667a'},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': '#1d537f'})
radar_poly, rings_outer, vertices = radar_output
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25, color='#fcfcfc',
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25, color='#fcfcfc',
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
# adding the endnote and title text (these axes range from 0-1, i.e. 0, 0 is the bottom left)
# Note we are slightly offsetting the text from the edges by 0.01 (1%, e.g. 0.99)
endnote_text = axs['endnote'].text(0.99, 0.5, 'Inspired By: StatsBomb / Rami Moghadam',
color='#fcfcfc', fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop,
fontsize=15, ha='right', va='center')
title1_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.65, 'Bruno Fernandes', fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop,
ha='left', va='center', color='#e4dded')
title2_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.25, 'Manchester United', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop,
ha='left', va='center', color='#cc2a3f')
title3_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.65, 'Radar Chart', fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop,
ha='right', va='center', color='#e4dded')
title4_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.25, 'Midfielder', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop,
ha='right', va='center', color='#cc2a3f')
fig.set_facecolor('#121212')
##############################################################################
# Ben Eine Theme
# --------------
# The theme below is inspired by the artist
# `Ben Eine `_.
# creating the figure using the grid function from mplsoccer:
fig, axs = grid(figheight=14, grid_height=0.915, title_height=0.06, endnote_height=0.025,
title_space=0, endnote_space=0, grid_key='radar', axis=False)
# plot the radar
radar.setup_axis(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='None')
rings_inner = radar.draw_circles(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='#5bc8ef', edgecolor='#b7ebff',
# you can also vary the linewidths
# here we gradually increase the blue concentric circles
linewidth=[0, 1, 2])
radar_output = radar.draw_radar(bruno_values, ax=axs['radar'],
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#fa4554'},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': '#d298c4'})
radar_poly, rings_outer, vertices = radar_output
range_labels = radar.draw_range_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25, color='#f0f6f6',
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
param_labels = radar.draw_param_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontsize=25, color='#f0f6f6',
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop)
axs['radar'].scatter(vertices[:, 0], vertices[:, 1], c='#eeb743', edgecolors='#070707',
marker='D', s=220, zorder=2)
# adding the endnote and title text (these axes range from 0-1, i.e. 0, 0 is the bottom left)
# Note we are slightly offsetting the text from the edges by 0.01 (1%, e.g. 0.99)
endnote_text = axs['endnote'].text(0.99, 0.5, 'The theme is inspired by Ben Eine', fontsize=15,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop, ha='right',
va='center', color='#f0f6f6')
title1_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.65, 'Bruno Fernandes', fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop, ha='left',
va='center', color='#eeb743')
title2_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.25, 'Manchester United', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop, ha='left',
va='center', color='#f0f6f6')
title3_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.65, 'Radar Chart', fontsize=25,
fontproperties=robotto_bold.prop, ha='right',
va='center', color='#eeb743')
title4_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.25, 'Midfielder', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=robotto_thin.prop, ha='right',
va='center', color='#f0f6f6')
fig.set_facecolor('#070707')
##############################################################################
# Camille Walala theme
# --------------------
# The theme below is inspired by the London based artist
# `Camille Walala `_. It uses two types of
# hatching to create the radar.
# creating the figure using the grid function from mplsoccer:
fig, axs = grid(figheight=14, grid_height=0.915, title_height=0.06, endnote_height=0.025,
title_space=0, endnote_space=0, grid_key='radar', axis=False)
# we are creating a new radar object with more rings, integer rounding, and a larger center circle
radar2 = Radar(params=['Speed', 'Agility', 'Strength', 'Passing', 'Dribbles'],
min_range=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
max_range=[5, 5, 5, 5, 5],
# here we make the labels integers instead of floats
round_int=[True, True, True, True, True],
# make the center circle x2 larger than the concentric circles
center_circle_radius=2,
# the number of rings has been chosen to divide the max_range evenly
num_rings=5)
# plot the radar
radar2.setup_axis(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='None')
rings_inner = radar2.draw_circles(ax=axs['radar'], facecolor='#f77b83', edgecolor='#fe2837')
radar_output = radar2.draw_radar(values=[5, 2, 4, 3, 1], ax=axs['radar'],
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': '#f9c728', 'hatch': '.', 'alpha': 1},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': '#e6dedc', 'edgecolor': '#1a1414',
'hatch': '/', 'alpha': 1})
# draw the radar again but without a facecolor ('None') and an edgecolor
# we draw it again so that we can choose a different edgecolor from the radar
radar_output2 = radar2.draw_radar(values=[5, 2, 4, 3, 1], ax=axs['radar'],
kwargs_radar={'facecolor': 'None', 'edgecolor': '#646366'},
kwargs_rings={'facecolor': 'None'})
# draw the labels
range_labels = radar2.draw_range_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontproperties=serif_extra_light.prop,
fontsize=25)
param_labels = radar2.draw_param_labels(ax=axs['radar'], fontproperties=serif_regular.prop,
fontsize=25)
# adding the endnote and title text (these axes range from 0-1, i.e. 0, 0 is the bottom left)
# Note we are slightly offsetting the text from the edges by 0.01 (1%, e.g. 0.99)
endnote_text = axs['endnote'].text(0.99, 0.5, 'The theme is inspired by Camille Walala',
fontproperties=serif_extra_light.prop, fontsize=15,
ha='right', va='center')
title1_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.65, 'Player name', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=rubik_regular.prop, ha='left', va='center')
title2_text = axs['title'].text(0.01, 0.25, 'Player team', fontsize=15,
fontproperties=rubik_regular.prop, ha='left',
va='center', color='#fa1b38')
title3_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.65, 'Radar Chart', fontsize=20,
fontproperties=rubik_regular.prop, ha='right', va='center')
title4_text = axs['title'].text(0.99, 0.25, 'Position', fontsize=15,
fontproperties=rubik_regular.prop, ha='right',
va='center', color='#fa1b38')
fig.set_facecolor('#f2dad2')
plt.show() # If you are using a Jupyter notebook you do not need this line